Dances With Wolves: A Deep Dive into the Epic Western That Divided Critics and Conquered Audiences
"Dances with Wolves," the 1990 film, needs no introduction. This Western, led by Kevin Costner, captured the hearts of many. Costner starred, directed, and co-produced this three-hour epic, proving his belief in a project that some thought was too ambitious. He even financed it when studios hesitated. Betting on oneself sometimes pays off – big time. This film won numerous Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director, showing that Hollywood can hit the jackpot.
Historical Accuracy: Fact or Fiction on the Frontier?
Now, let's look into the historical accuracy. "Dances with Wolves" aimed to portray the Civil War era and the interactions between settlers and Native American tribes, mainly the Lakota and Pawnee. But how did it hold up under scrutiny?
Civil War Depiction: Amputations and Anachronisms
Historian Garry Adelman noted several inaccuracies in the film. According to him, the depiction of Civil War medicine, especially amputations, misses the mark. He points out issues with painkiller usage and medical techniques during that time. It wasn't just about gnawing on leather straps. Civil War surgeons had some methods down, even if conditions were grim.
Native American Tribes: Lakota vs. Pawnee – A Matter of Perspective
The film attempted to portray dynamics between different Native American tribes, notably Lakota and Pawnee. However, Pawnee felt misrepresented as "vicious killers." They claimed history showed them as victims of Lakota aggression. This is a classic case of perspective. One tribe's villain is another tribe's hero, depending on history told.
Movie Message and Themes: More Than Just Cowboys and Indians
Beyond the historical backdrop, "Dances with Wolves" explores deeper themes. It examines John Dunbar's evolving relationship with Native American culture, the effects of colonization, and appreciation for nature. Let's unpack these themes.
Dunbar's Cultural Transformation: From Soldier to Sioux
John Dunbar's journey shows profound transformation. Initially at a remote outpost, Dunbar sheds biases as he engages with Lakota culture. He does not just observe; he learns their language, respects customs, and becomes one of them. He develops a strong connection with the land, far deeper than expected. By film's end, Dunbar is not just a soldier anymore; he's "Dances with Wolves," a Lakota warrior in spirit and eventually in name.
The Shadow of Colonization: An Inevitable Clash
The film depicts the threat of colonization and its impact on tribes. As Dunbar integrates with Lakota society, he notices encroaching white settlers and inevitable conflict. His presence as a white man who has "gone native" becomes dangerous for the tribe. In a poignant choice, Dunbar leaves with Stands With A Fist, realizing his presence risks them against the U.S. Army. This bittersweet departure underscores tragic consequences of expansion.
Appreciation for the Land: Nature's Embrace
Throughout "Dances with Wolves," there is deep reverence for the vast landscapes of the American West. Dunbar’s isolation turns into profound connection with nature. He finds solace in prairies and wildlife. This appreciation is vital to his transformation and his respect for Native American life intertwined with their environment. Sometimes, our greatest teachers are not in books but in whispering winds and open skies.
Criticisms of the Movie: Not Everyone Was Dancing with Wolves
Despite its acclaim, "Dances with Wolves" faced critique. Some viewers pointed out issues with narrative choices and representations. Let's address these critiques.
The "White Savior" Trope: Is Dunbar the Hero We Needed?
One common criticism is the "White Savior" trope. This often features a white protagonist aiding marginalized people of color portrayed as incapable of helping themselves. Critics say that Dunbar's heroism diminishes the agency of Native Americans. It suggests the Lakota cannot defend themselves without a white savior, which can be seen as condescending.
Inaccurate Gendered Translation: Lost in Lakota
Activist Russell Means criticized the film's Lakota dialogue for an "incorrect-gendered translation." While specifics may be nuanced for non-speakers, this critique shows the importance of cultural sensitivity in film. It highlights potential miscommunication when language nuances are overlooked or mishandled.
Depiction of the Pawnee Tribe, Revisited: Stuck in a Villainous Role
As noted, Pawnee took issue with their portrayal as "vicious killers." They felt unfairly depicted, especially given their own conflicts and displacement by Lakota and other tribes. This underscores complexities of intertribal relations and dangers of simplistic portrayals that perpetuate harmful stereotypes and ignore histories. History, especially in the American West, often isn’t black and white.
Movie Worthiness: To Watch or Not to Watch? That is the Question
So, is "Dances with Wolves" worth watching despite critiques? Absolutely. It is essential to acknowledge critiques regarding accuracy and representation, yet the film remains culturally valuable. It is visually stunning, features engaging performances, a grand score, and a story that resonates with themes of understanding, empathy, and colonization's tragic outcomes. Picture it as a beautiful painting with some historical inaccuracies – worth appreciating, but through a critical lens.
Character Analysis: Beyond the Stereotypes
"Dances with Wolves" features memorable characters that contribute to its thematic depth and emotion. Let’s explore key figures.
Major Fambrough's Descent: Madness and Melancholy
Major Fambrough, the odd and tragic commanding officer at Fort Hays, contrasts sharply with events in the West. His bizarre actions hint at deeper psychological issues, compounded by isolation and pressure from his role. His references to himself as "king" signal detachment from reality. His eventual suicide after Dunbar’s departure illustrates his struggle with depression and mental illness. Though brief, Fambrough's character reveals psychological costs of the era, even for those in power.
John Dunbar: From Lieutenant to "Dances with Wolves"
John Dunbar isn't based on one historical figure but rather a blend reflecting experiences of those drawn to Native cultures during westward expansion. While a real Dunbar supported Native American causes and saw Lakota and Pawnee conflicts, film’s Dunbar is fictional. Interestingly, the real Dunbar had a son named John Brown Dunbar who...
Dunbar fought in the Civil War. This detail adds historical weight, though it seems coincidental. His transformation is key in the film. Dunbar shifts from a disillusioned soldier to a member of the Lakota tribe. He earns the name "Dances with Wolves" and leaves civilization for a while.
Two Socks: More Than Just a Wolfish Companion
Two Socks befriends Dunbar, serving as more than a cute companion. He symbolizes nature's interconnectedness and the gentleness found in perceived ferocious creatures. Two Socks, initially intimidating, shows kindness and loyalty. The film parallels him with the Sioux Indians, challenging prejudiced views.
Stands With A Fist: A Woman Between Two Worlds
Stands With A Fist is complex. Portrayed by Mary McDonnell, she embodies cultural intersection. Raised by Native Americans after her family was killed by Pawnee, she exists between two worlds. Her Lakota name shows her spirit. The film notes her "messy hair" as mourning for her husband, a Lakota tradition. Some interpretations suggest it portrays white women as incapable in the wild, a harsh reading given the broader representations.
Production Details: Behind the Scenes of an Epic
Creating "Dances with Wolves" is no easy task. Let's explore production details.
Kevin Costner: Triple Threat – Director, Actor, Producer (and Funder!)
Kevin Costner's involvement in "Dances with Wolves" is clear. He directed, starred, and co-produced. His commitment extended beyond creative roles, even investing personally when the studio backing was uncertain. At 35 during filming, Costner took on a huge task, proving his passion and vision paid off.
Michael Blake: From Novel to Screenplay – The Writer's Journey
Michael Blake authored both the novel and screenplay for "Dances With Wolves." Kevin Costner encouraged Blake to write the book during Blake's financial struggles. For his screenplay, Blake received $6,500, surprisingly low given the film's success. His dedication shines through in the detail and emotion of both versions.
Filming Locations: South Dakota Steals the Show
"Dances With Wolves" is visually stunning, thanks to its filming locations in South Dakota. The vast landscapes served as the perfect backdrop for this epic. Filming took place at the Triple U Buffalo Ranch, now a popular tourist site. These authentic settings added to the film's immersive quality.
Lakota Language: Speaking the Truth
Animal Use: Wolves, Buffalo, and a Buckskin Legend
Animals are crucial in "Dances with Wolves," adding authenticity and emotion. Let's examine their contributions.
Two Socks' Double Act: Buck and Teddy Take the Stage
Two Socks, the wolf character, was portrayed by two wolves, Buck and Teddy. Owned by Michael Kane, these wolves were present on set. After filming, both found a home at the "Working Wildlife" sanctuary in California, ensuring their wellbeing post-production.
Buffalo Hunt: Real, Fake, or a Bit of Both?
The buffalo hunt in "Dances with Wolves" is visually spectacular. To create the stampede, filmmakers used real and fake buffalo. They built 23 mechanical buffalo at a cost of $250,000. This blend created a memorable cinematic moment.
Cisco the Horse: A Buckskin's Farewell
Cisco, the buckskin horse costarred with Kevin Costner in the film. Sadly, he passed away at 33 years old. In retirement, Cisco lived at "1880 Town," a South Dakota tourist spot. His long life and legacy make him a notable figure in movie animal history.
Native American Perspective: Reactions and Receptions
"Dances with Wolves" aimed for respectful portrayal of Native Americans but met various reactions from their communities.
Russell Means' Critique: A Voice of Dissent
Native activist Russell Means offered critical feedback, pointing out an "incorrect-gendered translation" in Lakota dialogue. His critique underscores the importance of indigenous voices in evaluating media representations and the need for accuracy and cultural sensitivity.
Lakota Nation's Embrace: An Unexpected Adoption
The Lakota Nation embraced Kevin Costner and "Dances with Wolves," despite criticisms. They appreciated the sympathetic portrayal of their culture and the film's popularity. This adoption symbolizes the film's positive impact on fostering understanding of Lakota culture, though it had flaws.
Awards: Oscar Glory and Golden Globes
"Dances with Wolves" received many accolades during awards season. Let's tally up the trophies.
Academy Award Triumphs: Sweeping the Oscars
At the 63rd Academy Awards, "Dances with Wolves" was nominated for 12 awards and won 7, including Best Picture and Best Director for Kevin Costner. Other wins included Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Cinematography. This impressive haul solidified the film's status as an Oscar-winning film.
Golden Globe Glory: Best Picture – Drama
Besides its Oscar success, "Dances with Wolves" also won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture – Drama. This further solidified its acclaim and box office appeal, showing its broad effect on both audiences and industry professionals.
Sequel: The Holy Road – Continuing the Journey
For those curious about what happened after "Dances with Wolves," there is a sequel in book form.
The Holy Road: Dunbar's Next Chapter
"The Holy Road," written by Michael Blake, is the sequel to "Dances With Wolves," published in 2001. The story takes place 11 years after the original film, with John Dunbar still married to Stands With A Fist and now having three children. However, their idyllic life faces threats from encroaching white settlers.
Reception of "The Holy Road": A Mixed Bag
Reactions to "The Holy Road" have been mixed. Some readers praise Blake's writing and appreciate the portrayal of challenges faced by Native Americans. They express it as a compelling follow-up. However, others critique its pacing and character development, showing a divided audience.
"The Holy Road" continues Dunbar's tale. It explores the tragic history of the American West. Some find it poignant and realistic. Others see it as melancholic. Opinions vary. Still, it offers depth and insights into the past.
Inappropriate Scenes: A Glimpse of Reality (Mildly)
"Dances with Wolves" has scenes that might not suit younger viewers. They are not graphic, but they raise concerns.
Sex Scenes: Implied Intimacy
The film shows a married couple in a scene. Nudity is minimal. A woman's bare back appears briefly as she undresses. The scene implies intimacy through touch. It is brief and tame, but parents might want to consider this for children’s viewing.
Defecation Scene: Nature Calls
A man squats in a scene for realism. Viewers see part of his hip and buttock. It is fleeting, but may seem crude or unnecessary.
Actors: Ages and Connections
Let’s look at some actors and interesting facts.
Kevin Costner's Age: Mid-Thirties Epic
Kevin Costner was 35 during filming. His youthful energy and directorial vision helped the film succeed greatly.
Mary McDonnell's Breakthrough: Turning 37 with an Oscar Nod
Mary McDonnell starred as Stands With A Fist in "Dances with Wolves." At 37, she became a star and earned her first Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress.
Cindy Costner: A Brief Appearance
Cindy Costner, Kevin Costner's ex-wife, appears in a minor role. This adds a personal touch to the film.
Plot Points: Unraveling Key Moments
Here are key plot points of interest.
Why "Dances with Wolves"? A Name Earned
John Dunbar gained the name from the Lakota people. His bond with the wolf named Two Socks was unique. They played together and formed a close connection. This led to the name, signifying his link to nature and the Lakota culture.
Fort Sedgwick's Fate: Desertion and Caves
In the story, Fort Sedgwick represents Army neglect. Soldiers face fear from Sioux attacks. They feel abandoned and ultimately desert their post, seeking shelter in nearby caves. This highlights harsh frontier realities.
Dunbar's Novel Ending: A Sacrifice for the Tribe
The novel's ending differs from the film. Dunbar leaves the tribe to protect them from the Union Army. He realizes that his presence puts them at risk. By leaving, he aims to divert the Army's focus, showing selflessness and loyalty.
Longest Movie: A Fun Fact Detour
"Dances with Wolves," lasting three hours, feels long yet is not the longest movie.
Logistics (2012): A 35-Day Marathon
The longest film is "Logistics," a 2012 Swedish documentary. It lasts an astonishing 857 hours, nearly 36 days. Created by Erika Magnusson and Daniel Andersson, "Logistics" tests viewer stamina rather than telling a standard narrative, making “Dances with Wolves” seem brief.
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